Hūlili – Volume 7 – Kamehameha Publishing

Hūlili is a multidisciplinary forum for current research that examines the nature, needs, and strengths of Kānaka Maoli and Native Hawaiian communities. Through collaboration and critique, Hūlili fosters new connections and shared insights to mobilize greater Hawaiian well-being.

The journal’s editoral board provides direction and expertise to ensure cultural and academic rigor.

Editorial Board

Randall K. Quinones Akee
University of California, Los Angeles

Maenette K. P. Ah Nee-Benham
University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu

Toni Bissen
The Pūʻā Foundation

Thomas Kā‘eo Duarte
Kamehameha Schools

Cynthia G. Franklin
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Walter Kahumoku III
University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu

J. Kēhaulani Kauanui
Wesleyan University

Morris Lai
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Kawika M. K. I. Liu
Imperial Health Plan of California

Mele Look
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Jodie Mattos
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Kaleo Patterson
Pacific Justice and Reconciliation Center

ʻUmi Perkins
Kamehameha Schools

Kalei Stern
Mid Pacific Institute

Ty P. Kāwika Tengan
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

William H. Wilson
University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo

Hūlili is published by Kamehameha Publishing, a division of Kamehameha Schools.

VOLUME 7

FROM THE EDITORS

Editorial Board

Randall K. Quinones Akee University of California, Los Angeles

Maenette K. P. Ah Nee-Benham University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu

Toni Bissen The Pūʻā Foundation

Thomas Kā‘eo Duarte Kamehameha Schools

Cynthia G. Franklin University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Walter Kahumoku III University of Hawai‘i–West O‘ahu

J. Kēhaulani Kauanui Wesleyan University

Morris Lai University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Kawika M. K. I. Liu Imperial Health Plan of California

Mele Look University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Jodie Mattos University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Kaleo Patterson Pacific Justice and Reconciliation Center

ʻUmi Perkins Kamehameha Schools

Kalei Stern Mid Pacific Institute

Ty P. Kāwika Tengan University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

William H. Wilson University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo